Adam Smith And Karl Marx Foundations Of American Expo

Joshua Bremer Foundations of American Expo. Prof. Stern May 3, 2015 Adam Smith and Karl Marx Modern political economic theory and philosophy can be greatly attributed to the works of two men who seemingly held polar opposite views on the subject. Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher, published his most well-known work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776 and is most often associated with the ideas and principles of the political economic system known as Capitalism. At the other end of the spectrum is Karl Marx; the German philosopher most often associated with Communism and the author (or co-author) of The Communist Manifesto. This paper seeks to discuss the core differences in their respective political economic philosophies with regards to what economic value is and what the role of government should be in their versions of political economy. This will conclude with the argument that while Smith s work had laid the foundation for modern economic philosophy, it was Marx who would ultimately leave the most significant impression upon the world with his revolutionary ideas. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is considered to be the first full treatment on the study of Economics. This work essentially lays the foundation for the economic system known as Capitalism. Interestingly enough, Capitalism was a term first brought into the public debate, somewhat pejoratively, by Karl Marx himself in describing a capitalist

America Should Not Afford For Nonviolent Criminals Essay

America cannot afford to continue incarcerating nonviolent criminals. Why reward offenders with food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and treatment programs at the taxpayers expense? Community supervision programs that require offenders to work to support themselves and their families make better sense. In addition, offenders should pay supervision fees, restitution to victims and court costs. Further, offenders on community supervision could utilize to addiction treatment programs and mental health services to avoid re-offending. Community supervision offers an excellent alternative to the high cost of incarceration while shifting the financial burden to the offender. The costs of incarceration continue to rise. In 2013, a three-year prison sentence cost over $37,000 according to the New York Times, while a probation sentence would have cost only $6,770 (Sowell). In other words, incarceration costs taxpayers thirty-three dollars and seventy-nine cents a day for each offender. Howe ver, for fiscal year 2014-2015, incarceration costs were seventy-three dollars and thirty-four cents a day for each of the more than 21,000 inmates in Tennessee prisons (Frequently Asked Questions). Incarceration costs include more than just the obvious expenses for food, clothing, shelter, and guard salaries. The Tennessee Department of Correction is also responsible for the medical, dental, vision, and mental health needs of each inmate. If one half of the 21,000 Tennessee inmates wereShow MoreRelatedThe American Population Is Overwhelmingly Uninformed About866 Words   |  4 Pagesflaws of the criminal justice system. I am aware of America’s mass incarceration, and that there are legitimate arguments to reduce the prison population. One of the most frequently used argument is that it is too expensive to maintain such a high volume of prisoners. Another argument is that America’s prison population was disproportionately large compared to other developed countries. The argument I intend to explore in depth is that there are too many people in prison who should not be thereRead MoreDo We Rely Too Much On The Prison System1305 Words   |  6 Pagesbranding, and the â€Å"stocks† were some of the ways used to punish a guilty offender. Today, though, these types of punishments would quickly be labeled as cruel and unusual forms of retribution. Since we can no longer utilize such forms of punishment, the criminal justice system has turned to; imprisonment, probation, fines, and even the death penalty to help and deter offenders from a life of crime. As the prison population continues to rise in this country health and safety questions rise as well. Not onlyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Punishment Of Execution Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesa capital crime. The death penalty cost less than a life in prison sentence and deters criminals from offenses; however, the death penalty can be seen as a form of revenge and innocent people can be wr ongly accused. Studies show an equitable amount of evidence to support the theory that the death penalty is founded on systematic racism, bias toward African Americans and preys upon the impoverished in America. This makes the death penalty an inexcusable form of punishment. The death penalty is systematicallyRead MoreMass Incarceration Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pages English 2 9 September 2013 Mass Incarceration Mass incarceration is one of very many huge problems we have here in America. But when you really look into the core of the situation, whose fault is it really. Right away you think it is the criminals fault for getting arrested in the first place right? More people should be well behaved and not end up in prison? But what a lot of people fail to notice are the ones that actual do the actual sentencing. In Paul Butlers bookRead MoreThe United States Prison System1215 Words   |  5 Pagesbest in the world by the numbers. The country holds an incarceration rate of about 75 people per 100,000 residents, whereas the US imprisons approximately 707 people per 100,000 (Coyne, 2015). Recidivism in Norway is also considerably lower than in America, standing at around 20% countrywide and as low as 16% at some facilities (Sterbenz, 2014). At first glance, this data might bring some on board right away with changing up the American system to model closely after Norway’s. However, there are someRead MoreThe American Court System And Criminal Justice System1750 Words   |  7 Pagesovercrowded and according to political scientist David Hudson, America holds five percent of the world s population, but twenty-five percent of the world s prison population (Hudson). This is partially derived from the overwhelming amount of cases that the justice system takes on, but also because of the harsh sentences. About 480,000 people are non-convicted and are awaiting trial in jail. In general, people awaiting their trial cannot afford bail, which is why these non-convicted people are detainedRead MoreCrime And The Crime Rates1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom female offenders are nonviolent property crimes. Plenty tend to look over corporations when referring to crimes, but they are not out of the crime equation either. Crime takes place everywhere and it is not just committed by the poor and uneducated. Corporations’ deliberately commit crimes knowing the outcome just for the income. Punishment is less harsh for corporations because they can afford the lawsuit. Problem Statement Numerous articles explain how a criminal is made from their lifestyleRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Population1536 Words   |  7 PagesInfact, America leads the world in prisoners with 20% of the earth’s prison population (The Prison Crisis). In a study done by The American Prospect, charts and graphs provide information about the overpopulation crisis. The data from the charts show that while the crime rate has decreased, the rate of incarceration has been on a steady incline since 1990 (Waldman). America also leads the world in the number of prisoners- 760 prisoners per 100,000 population (Waldman). Not only does America have moreRead MoreIncarcerating Kids Destroys American Society Essay example1801 Words   |  8 PagesSome people say that making mistakes is just a part of growing up. But what if just one wrong decision could mean the difference between a normal childhood and spending the rest of adolesence behind cold steel bars with cruel and vicious adult criminals ? Unfortunately for a growing number of young teenagers, their reality is never being given a second chance to change or correct their mistakes. Why? Some may ask, because instead of attending school, learning the difference between right and wrongRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Population1615 Words   |  7 Pageswindows rule, which have lowered crime rates by increasing incarcerations. Many debates have gone on about the reasons of the overpopulation, the impacts on prisoners, the impacts on societies due to the prison overpopulation, and what the solution should be to reduce prison populations. There is a severe lack of information when it comes to understanding why there has been an increase in prison population. Any statistics that are collected from the prisons seem to give very little ideas as to the

Mesopotamia Free Essays

Sumerians trained boys in art. The students were mostly sons from upper-class families † sons Of priests, temple and palace Officials, military Officers, sea captains and scribes. Girls and those Who cant afford the fees were not enrolled. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamia or any similar topic only for you Order Now They used clay tablets to write and practice their cuneiform writing. clay tablets became their bocks. Those who learned the art were assigned to work as scribes In the temples, courts, or as merchants. Sumerians worshipped the elements of nature like the wind and water. They believed that they were created by their gods to be servants. They should worship, pray and offer sacrifice to their gods and goddesses. Temples and shrines tor offertory where built for religious activities. They offered food. wine, milk, and meat. They have festivities like special feasts during new moon. 7th. 5th and last day of the month. The most important day for them is the New Year. Prayers and rituals were written in clay tablets. Displeasing the gods and goddesses can cause floods, famines and sandstorms. They believe that the dead go to the underworld. How to cite Mesopotamia, Papers

Effective Use of Pathos in Lies My Teacher Told Me free essay sample

My Teacher Told Me is a critically acclaimed work pertaining to the inaccuracies found in many history textbooks. Lies My Teacher Told Me notes that history is a school subject often disliked by students. Loewen contends that history is not appreciated because it may be considered intrinsically unappealing, but rather because history is taught in a poor manner. Although Loewen uses all three modes of persuasion in his book, his powerful use of pathos allows for his most convincing argument because he appeals to the emotions of his readers to convey a message that the methods by which American history is taught are flawed. Loewen writes with confidence and an authoritative voice throughout Lies My Teacher Told Me. This is of little surprise, as Loewen is a distinguished professor of sociology at The University of Vermont. He possesses valuable experience in evaluating American history textbooks, allowing him to appear knowledgeable to his readers. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Use of Pathos in Lies My Teacher Told Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A combination of expertise and intelligence allow for a strong ethos in his writing. Lies My Teacher Told Me carries a common theme throughout the book: American history lessons are flawed. Loewen begins his book by appealing to the thoughts and emotions of high school and college students, his primary audience. This use of pathos allows Loewen to be straightforward in the First Edition Introduction: â€Å"Students consider history â€Å"the most irrelevant† of twenty-one subjects commonly taught in high school† (Loewen 1). He alludes to what most high school students already believe: history is boring. Loewen notes that history textbooks appear bland and often cover far too much information. Textbooks often have a lack of solid causation and lead students astray by focusing on facts, figures, and dates rather than main ideas and historical connections. Combining the average student’s attitudes towards history with flawed teaching methods leads one to conclude that something is inherently wrong with the manner in which American History is taught. A strong logical appeal is present in Loewen’s work. He places an emphasis on analyzing specific problems with many textbooks, for example, the distortion of famous individual’s lives via heroification. Using direct examples, such as the lives of Helen Keller and Woodrow Wilson in Chapter One, he inductively reasons that many individuals are misrepresented because extbook authors often blatantly ignore important facts about their lives. Loewen also uses logos to demonstrate that our perception of Christopher Columbus’ impact on early America is inaccurate. While textbooks do use heroification to glorify Columbus, his mistreatment of Natives is also overlooked by a process known as â€Å"cognitive dissonance,† a term coined by Leon Festinger (Loewen 62). Lo ewen does a thorough job in implementing all three modes of persuasion in his work. His book professes that the way American history as a school subject is taught is wrong. This idea is best exemplified through Loewen’s powerful use of pathos. The Introduction alone provides an immediate connection with the many students who feel that history is simply boring. By making a direct appeal to his audience’s emotions, Loewen quickly establishes a strong sentiment acknowledging history classes’ flaws that continue on throughout the work.